Historical aspects of malaria Malaria is one of the oldest diseases. It is also one disease that almost every one of us is aware of. No other infectious disease can rival it…

The heart is one of the most important and vital organs of the human body. The heart can be very well compared with a water pump, which pumps water from…

In this article, we continue to discuss the last part of the nephrons. It is called the collecting duct system, which consists of various tubules and ducts. In this part,…

After Henle’s loop, we have the distal tubule, which is quite thick in nature compared to the proximal tubule. Absorption of sodium chloride is quite low over here and water…

After the proximal tubule, comes the loop which connects to the distal tubule. This loop or U shaped structure is called Henle’s loop. In Henle’s loop, sodium is not absorbed…

In this article, we discuss step by step, the various adaptations that take place in the kidneys when there is a loss of function of the nephrons.  The Kidneys, which…

This article is from Harrison’s principle of Internal Medicine and has been originally written by Robert Brenner and Barry Brenner. In today’s article, which is in continuation with our series…

This article is based on the disorders of the kidneys and the urinary tract functions. Here we will discuss the filtration process of the kidneys. Glomerular Ultrafiltration and Reabsorption On…

This article is based on the book Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine written by Robert M Brenner and Barry Brenner. With due credits to them, we begin our article on…

In this article, we will be discussing kidney stones and urinary tract disorders. At the same time we will also discuss the various types of stones that are generally formed…